At the time of Musa's ascension to the throne, Mali in large part consisted of the territory of the former Ghana Empire, which Mali had conquered. This is the first account of a West African kingdom made directly by an eyewitness; the others are usually second-hand. [9] Upon Leo Africanus's visit at the beginning of the 16th century, his descriptions of the territorial domains of Mali showed that it was still a kingdom of considerable size. Evidence of cavalry in terracotta figures suggest the empire's prosperous economy as horses are not indigenous to Africa. Please note that some of these recommendations are listed under our old name, Ancient History Encyclopedia. Mali Emperors Family Tree | Mansa Musa - The Richest Man in World History 71,113 views Nov 27, 2019 1.8K Dislike Share Save UsefulCharts 1.08M subscribers Watch the map animation on From. [60] The anglicised version of this name, Sunjata, is also popular. In the early 15th century, Mali was still powerful enough to conquer and settle new areas. [81] He went on the hajj during the reign of Mamluk sultan Baibars (12601277). Mande bards in the region speak of the Dakajalan site, containing Sundiata's grave, as sacrosanct. The University of Sankore in Timbuktu was restaffed under Musa's reign with jurists, astronomers, and mathematicians. . [57][58] Having run out of money, Musa and his entourage were forced to borrow money and re-sell much of what they had purchased while in Cairo before the hajj, and Musa went into debt to several merchants, such as Siraj al-Din. Musa's death may have occurred in 1337, 1332, or possibly even earlier, giving 1307 or 1312 as plausible approximate years of accession. While Musa's palace has since vanished, the university and mosque still stand in Timbuktu today. That same year, Mahmud II sent another envoy to the Portuguese proposing alliance against the Fula. Our publication has been reviewed for educational use by Common Sense Education, Internet Scout (University of Wisconsin), Merlot (California State University), OER Commons and the School Library Journal. He is also called Hidji Mansa . [93] Dyamani-tiguis had to be approved by the mansa and were subject to his oversight. The people of the south needed salt for their diet, but it was extremely rare. Equipped with two quivers and a knife fastened to the back of their arm, Mandinka bowmen used barbed, iron-tipped arrows that were usually poisoned. In the 1450s, Portugal began sending raiding parties along the Gambian coast. The Mali Empire expanded through conquest or annexation. [123] Segou, defended by Bitn Coulibaly, successfully defended itself and Mama Maghan was forced to withdraw. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. [93] Musa may have brought as much as 18 tons of gold on his hajj,[94] equal in value to over US$957million in 2022. Mansa Musa returned from Mecca with several Islamic scholars, including direct descendants of the prophet Muhammad and an Andalusian poet and architect by the name of Abu Es Haq es Saheli, who is . Regardless of their title in the province, they were recognised as dyamani-tigui (province-master) by the mansa. Free warriors from the north (Mandekalu or otherwise) were usually equipped with large reed or animal hide shields and a stabbing spear that was called a tamba. This enabled him to rule over a realm larger than even the Ghana Empire in its apex. Like two mansolu (rulers of Mali) before him, Ms I undertook the hajj as an act of devotion in line with Islamic tradition. Available from http://incompetech.com. [60] Other scholars whom Musa brought to Mali included Maliki jurists. "[96], Contemporary sources suggest that the mounts employed by this caravan were one hundred elephants, which carried those loads of gold, and several hundred camels, carrying the food, supplies and weaponries which were brought to the rear.[97]. Mansa Musa was an important ruler of the golden age of the Malink kingdom, based on the upper Niger River in Mali, West Africa. The third great account is that of Ibn Khaldun, who wrote in the early 15th century. He is the resurrected spirit of Masuta the Ascended, the second boss in the first elite dungeon, Temple of Aminishi . Most West African canoes were of single-log construction, carved and dug out from one massive tree trunk.[144]. [8] Mansa, 'ruler'[9] or 'king'[10] in Mand, was the title of the ruler of the Mali Empire. They tell of his hardships as a boy before he came to the throne. We care about our planet! Mansa Souleyman Keita (or Suleiman) took steep measures to put Mali back into financial shape, thereby developing a reputation for miserliness. The House of Saud is ruled by the descendants of King Abdulaziz, who founded and unified Saudi Arabia in 1932. [93] He did not, however, hold the power of previous mansas because of the influence of his kankoro-sigui. [136] One particular source of salt in the Mali Empire was salt-mining sites located in Taghaza. [83] He is criticized for being unfaithful to tradition, and some of the jeliw regard Musa as having wasted Mali's wealth. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. If Dakajalan was, in fact, situated near Kangaba, this may also have contributed to their conflation, beginning with Delafosse's speculation that the latter may have begun as a suburb of the former. Rulers of West African states had made pilgrimages to Mecca before Mansa Ms, but the effect of his flamboyant journey was to advertise both Mali and Mansa Ms well beyond the African continent and to stimulate a desire among the Muslim kingdoms of North Africa, and among many of European nations as well, to reach the source of this incredible wealth. Lange, Dierk (1996), "The Almoravid expansion and the downfall of Ghana", Der Islam 73 (2): 313351. Musa went on hajj to Mecca in 1324, traveling with an enormous entourage and a vast supply of gold. The buildings were constructed from slabs of salt and roofed with camel skins. . Mss rule defined the golden age of Mali. According to Ibn Battuta who visited Mali in the mid-14th century, one camel load of salt sold at Walata for 810 mithqals of gold, but in Mali proper it realised 2030 ducats and sometimes even 40. Wagadou's control over Manden came to a halt after internal instability lead to its decline. Mansa Musa was the great-great-grandson of Sunjata, who was the founder of the empire of Mali. Who would native Malians have considered their greatest ruler? [58] This area was composed of mountains, savannah and forest providing ideal protection and resources for the population of hunters. Many houses were built by hand and during the hot weather some houses would melt so they had to be very secure, The dating of the original Great Mosque's construction is obscure (the current structure, built under French Colonial Rule, dates from 1907). While in Cairo during his hajj, Musa befriended officials such as Ibn Amir Hajib, who learned about him and his country from him and later passed on that information to historians such as Al-Umari. Ms I of Mali, Ms also spelled Musa or Mousa, also called Kankan Ms or Mansa Musa, (died 1332/37? [45] He would have spent much time fostering the growth of the religion within his empire. Gold dust had been weighed and bagged for use at least since the time of the Ghana Empire. Gao had already been captured by Musa's general, and Musa quickly regained Timbuktu, built a rampart and stone fort, and placed a standing army to protect the city from future invaders.[70]. [57], Modern oral traditions also related that the Mandinka kingdoms of Mali or Manden had already existed several centuries before Sundiata's unification as a small state just to the south of the Sonink empire of Wagadou, better known as the Ghana Empire. In 1307, Mansa Musa came to the throne after a series of civil wars and ruled for thirty years. [120] Each ruler used the title of mansa, but their authority only extended as far as their own sphere of influence. [40], Musa was a young man when he became mansa, possibly in his early twenties. [98], The wealth of the Mali Empire did not come from direct control of gold-producing regions, but rather trade and tribute. [18][16], Another hypothesis suggests that the name Mali is derived from Mand mali "hippopotamus", an animal that had special significance to the Keitas, and that Mand means "little manatee". All of them agree that he took a very large group of people; the mansa kept a personal guard of some 500 men,[94] and he gave out so many alms and bought so many things that the value of gold in Egypt and Arabia depreciated for twelve years. The Sankor University was capable of housing 25,000 students and had one of the largest libraries in the world with roughly 1,000,000 manuscripts.[100][101]. Arabic sources omit Faga Leye, referring to Musa as Musa ibn Abi Bakr. [128] Nevertheless, the mansa managed to keep tax money and nominal control over the area without agitating his subjects into revolt. Salt was as valuable, if not more valuable, than gold in sub-Saharan Africa. The emperor himself rode on horseback and was directly preceded by 500 enslaved persons, each carrying a gold-adorned staff. The Sahelian and Saharan towns of the Mali Empire were organised as both staging posts in the long-distance caravan trade and trading centres for the various West African products. [93] Emperor Bonga did not appear to hold the area, and it stayed within the Mali Empire after Maghan Keita III's death in 1400. [26] Sariq Jata may be another name for Sunjata, who was actually Musa's great-uncle. It then seized Timbuktu from the Tuareg in 1468 under Sunni Ali Ber. The Mali Empire reached its largest area under the Laye Keita mansas. [70] Manden was split in half with the Dodougou territory to the northeast and the Kri territory to the southwest. His administration and military work allowed the empire to survive through the 16th century, solidifying him, his empire, and his family into the imaginations of storytellers around the world. Sergio Domian, an Italian scholar of art and architecture, wrote of this period: "Thus was laid the foundation of an urban civilization. Kangaba, the de facto capital of Manden since the time of the last emperor, became the capital of the northern sphere. Sarah Appleton, National Geographic Society. As soon as Sassouma's son Dankaran Touman took the throne, he and his mother forced the increasingly popular Sundjata into exile along with his mother and two sisters. [49] It has been suggested that the name given in the Arabic sources for the capital of Mali is derived the Manding word "bambi", meaning "dais", and as such refers to the "seat of government" in general rather than being the name of a specific city. If the mansa didn't believe the dyamani-tigui was capable or trustworthy, a farba might be installed to oversee the province or administer it outright. [8] Suleyman's death marked the end of Mali's Golden Age and the beginning of a slow decline. Ibn Khaldun in Levtzion and Hopkins, eds. A Golden Age: King Mansa Musa's Reign. Scholars who were mainly interested in history, Qurnic theology, and law were to make the mosque of Sankore in Timbuktu a teaching centre and to lay the foundations of the University of Sankore. Please check the original source(s) for copyright information. [93] Only at the state or province level was there any palpable interference from the central authority in Niani. Bukar professed his support, but believing Mahmud's situation to be hopeless, secretly went over to the Moroccans. What is evident is that there is no steady lineage governing the empire. Editing: Jack Rackam. During the 17th century, the Mali Empire faced incursions from the Bamana Empire. to 1337 C.E. The family tree of Mansa Musa. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. He built mosques and large public buildings in cities like Gao and, most famously, Timbuktu. harvnb error: no target: CITEREFKi-ZerboNiane (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFLevztionHopkins2000 (. We all know of Mansa Musa, possibly the richest man to ever exist. While in Cairo, Mansa Musa met with the Sultan of Egypt, and his caravan spent and gave away so much gold that the overall value of gold decreased in Egypt for the next 12 years. Although this time in the kingdom was prosperous, Mali's wealth and power soon declined. Musa and his entourage gave and spent freely while in Cairo. Biti, Buti, Yiti, Tati). Please note that content linked from this page may have different licensing terms. He describes it as being north of Mali but under its domination implying some sort of vassalage for the Antasar, Yantar'ras, Medussa and Lemtuna Berber tribes. He recruited scholars from the wider Muslim world to travel to Mali, such as the Andalusian poet Abu Ishaq al-Sahili, and helped establish Timbuktu as a center of Islamic learning. All rights reserved. [86] As Fajigi, Musa is sometimes conflated with a figure in oral tradition named Fakoli, who is best known as Sunjata's top general. The ancient kingdom of Mali spread across parts of modern-day Mali, Senegal, the Gambia, Guinea, Niger, Nigeria, Chad, Mauritania, and Burkina Faso. [93] Gold mines in Boure, which is located in present-day Guinea, were discovered sometime near the end of the 12th century. He also made Eid celebrations at the end of Ramadan a national ceremony. They camped for three days by the Pyramids of Giza, before crossing the Nile into Cairo on 19 July. The city's water supply was a leading cause to its successes in trade. The last son of Maghan Keita I, Tenin Maghan Keita (also known as Kita Tenin Maghan Keita for the province he once governed) was crowned Mansa Maghan Keita II in 1387. Via one of the royal ladies of his court, Musa transformed Sankore from an informal madrasah into an Islamic university. Captivation History summarizes Mansa Musa's story from his ancestors to his descendants as they reigned over the Mali Empire beginning in the 1300s. [45] Those animals included 80 camels which each carried 23136kg (50300lb) of gold dust. Scholars have located the capital in Niani, or somewhere on the Niger, or proposed that it changed several times, that there was no true capital, or even that it lay as far afield as the upper Gambia River in modern-day Senegal. Mansa Sandaki Keita, a descendant of kankoro-sigui Mari Djata Keita, deposed Maghan Keita II, becoming the first person without any Keita dynastic relation to officially rule Mali. In oral tradition and the Timbuktu Chronicles, Musa is known as Kanku Musa. Several of the names are spelled in a variety of ways in different manuscripts. This can be interpreted as either "Musa son of Abu Bakr" or "Musa descendant of Abu Bakr." Mansa Musa was a smart, powerful, competent Islamic autocrat who ruled over and expanded the Malian empire. [69] The Kangaba province, free of Sonink influence, splintered into twelve kingdoms with their own maghan (meaning prince) or faama. [96], According to some Arabic writers, Musa's gift-giving caused a depreciation in the value of gold in Egypt. Mansa Musa ruled over the Mali empire in the 14th Century, and his incredible access to gold made him arguably . [92] Furthermore, it is difficult to meaningfully compare the wealth of historical figures such as Mansa Musa, due to the difficulty of separating the personal wealth of a monarch from the wealth of the state and the difficulty of comparing wealth in highly different societies. For information on user permissions, please read our Terms of Service. The dates of Musa's reign are uncertain. [99] Mosques were built in Gao and Timbuktu along with impressive palaces also built in Timbuktu. Longman, 1995. It wasn't long before the new kingdom of Great Fulo was warring against Mali's remaining provinces. [87] The figure of Fajigi combines both Islam and traditional beliefs. so the name Kanku Musa means "Musa, son of Kanku", although it is unclear if the genealogy implied is literal. [70] Two noble brothers from Niani, of unknown lineage, went to Dioma with an army and drove out the Fula Wassoulounk. [70][141] With the help of the river clans, this army could be deployed throughout the realm on short notice. [18], In the Songhai language, rulers of Mali such as Musa were known as the Mali-koi, koi being a title that conveyed authority over a region: in other words, the "ruler of Mali". [44] Niani's reputation as an imperial capital may derive from its importance in the late imperial period, when the Songhai Empire to the northeast pushed Mali back to the Manding heartland. Masuta the Descended is a miniboss in The Shadow Reef. [102] It seems quite possible that an exodus of the inhabitants took place at this juncture and the importance of the city was not revived until the rise of the Songhai empire. And so the name Keita became a clan/family and began its reign.[70]. During most of his journey, Ibn Battuta travelled with a retinue that included servants, most of whom carried goods for trade. He could read and write Arabic and took an interest in the scholarly city of Timbuktu, which he peaceably annexed in 1324. The Mali Empire consisted of land that is now part of Guinea, Senegal, Mauritania, The Gambia, and the modern state of Mali. At both Gao and Timbuktu, a Songhai city almost rivalling Gao in importance, Mansa Ms commissioned Ab Isq al-Sil, a Granada poet and architect who had travelled with him from Mecca, to build mosques. In the event of conquest, farins took control of the area until a suitable native ruler could be found. His reign is associated with numerous construction projects, including part of Djinguereber Mosque in Timbuktu. There was also a palace conspiracy to overthrow him hatched by the Qasa (the Manding term meaning Queen) Kassi and several army commanders. [25] The empire also reached its highest population during the Laye period ruling over 400 cities,[26] towns and villages of various religions and elasticities. Wali was succeeded by his brother Wati, about whom nothing is known,[82][83] and then his brother Khalifa. The most common measure for gold within the realm was the ambiguous mithqal (4.5grams of gold). [20] Arab interest in the Mali Empire declined after the Songhai conquered the northern regions of the empire which formed the primary contact between Mali and the Arab world. By the 6th century AD, the lucrative trans-Saharan trade in gold, salt and slaves had begun, facilitating the rise of West Africa's great empires. Also, Sundiata divided the lands amongst the people assuring everyone had a place in the empire and fixed exchange rates for common products[127]. The entire nation was mobilised, with each clan obligated to provide a quota of fighting-age men. The World History Encyclopedia logo is a registered trademark. Le Plerinage La Mecque de Mansa Musa (724725/13241325) d'aprs des Nouvelles Sources", "The Big Secret of Celebrity Wealth (Is That No One Knows Anything)", The International Journal of African Historical Studies, "West African empires. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Mansa Mari Djata, later named Sundiata Keita, saw the conquest of several key locals in the Mali Empire. Musa I (c. 1280 - 1337), better known as Mansa Musa, was the ninth mansa of the Mali Empire.Widely considered to have been the wealthiest person in known history (some sources measuring his wealth at around $400 billion adjusted to inflation), his vast wealth was used to attract scholars, merchants and architects to Mali, establishing it as a beacon of Islamic trade, culture and learning. His equipment furnishings were carried by 12.000 private slave women (Wasaif) wearing gown and brocade (dibaj) and Yemeni silk []. He has sometimes been called the wealthiest person in history. Numerous educational institutions recommend us, including Oxford University. [d], Musa's father was named Faga Leye[12] and his mother may have been named Kanku. Mansa Musa, also known as Musa Keita I of Mali, was the tenth Sultan of the Mali Empire. The exact date of Musa's accession is debated. Retrieved from https://www.worldhistory.org/video/2147/mansa-musa-family-tree--empire-of-mali/. Very little is known about the life of Mansa Musa before 1312. His skillful administration left his empire well-off at the time of his death, but eventually, the empire fell apart. Not only do we pay for our servers, but also for related services such as our content delivery network, Google Workspace, email, and much more. The historian al-Umar, who visited Cairo 12 years after the emperors visit, found the inhabitants of this city, with a population estimated at one million, still singing the praises of Mansa Ms. Mansa Musa was immensely wealthy (whether he can be regarded as personally wealthy or wealthy because he controlled the gold mines of Mali is, of course, a . Musa embarked on a large building program, raising mosques and madrasas in Timbuktu and Gao. Musa Keita I (c. 1280 - c. 1337), or Mansa Musa, was the ninth Mansa of the Mali Empire, one of the most powerful West African states. This region straddles the border between what is now southern Mali and northeastern Guinea. Mansa Musa also known as Musa I of Mali and was the ninth Islamic ancient Emperor of West Africa in a kingdom known as the Mali Empire. World History Encyclopedia. They founded the first village of the Manding, Kirikoroni, then Kirina, Siby, Kita. [97] Though this has been described as having "wrecked" Egypt's economy,[85] the historian Warren Schultz has argued that this was well within normal fluctuations in the value of gold in Mamluk Egypt. In Ibn Khaldun's account, Sundjata is recorded as Mari Djata with "Mari" meaning "Amir" or "Prince". The audio, illustrations, photos, and videos are credited beneath the media asset, except for promotional images, which generally link to another page that contains the media credit. [62] According to one account given by Ibn Khaldun, Musa's general Saghmanja conquered Gao. This is the least known period in Mali's imperial history. Mansa Musa (Musa I of Mali) was the king of the ancient empire of Mali in West Africa. Emperors and Empresses from Around the (Non-Roman) World Quiz, Armand-Jean du Plessis, cardinal et duc de Richelieu, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Musa-I-of-Mali, World History Encyclopedia - Mansa Musa I, Musa - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). Heusch, Luc de: "The Symbolic Mechanisms of Sacred Kingship: Rediscovering Frazer". [92] He was one of the first truly devout Muslims to lead the Mali Empire. In that year he succeeded his father, Abu Bakr II, to the throne and thus gained the hereditary title of mansa. Provinces picked their own governors via their own custom (election, inheritance, etc.). [78] Nehemia Levtzion regarded 1337 as the most likely date,[72] which has been accepted by other scholars. Mansa Musa brought the architect back to Mali to beautify some of the cities. Several alternate spellings exist, such as Congo Musa, Gongo Musa, and Kankan Musa, but they are regarded as incorrect. Mansa Mahmud Keita II came to the throne in 1481 during Mali's downward spiral. [5] In c. 1285 Sakoura, a former royal court slave, became emperor and was one of Mali's most powerful rulers, greatly expanding the empire's territory. They also used flaming arrows for siege warfare. Consequently, the name of Mali and Timbuktu appeared on 14th century world maps. The other characteristic of this era is the gradual loss of its northern and eastern possessions to the rising Songhai Empire and the movement of the Mali's economic focus from the trans-Saharan trade routes to the burgeoning commerce along the coast. (2020, October 17). Web. There is some ambiguity over the identity of the mansa responsible for the voyages. The Twelve Doors of Mali were a coalition of conquered or allied territories, mostly within Manden, with sworn allegiance to Sundiata and his descendants. The Portuguese decided to stay out of the conflict and the talks concluded by 1495 without an alliance.[110]. [70] The mansa lost control of Jalo during this period. In 1330, the kingdom of Mossi invaded and conquered the city of Timbuktu. Research/Artwork: From Nothing Team. [120], The old core of the empire was divided into three spheres of influence. In the first millennium BC, early cities and towns were created by Mande peoples related to the Soninke people, along the middle Niger River in central Mali, including at Dia which began from around 900 BC, and reached its peak around 600 BC,[52] and Djenne-Djenno, which lasted from around 250 BC to 900 AD. [27] The date of Musa's birth is unknown, but he still appeared to be a young man in 1324. Konkodougou Kamissa Keita, named for the province he once governed,[70] was crowned as Mansa Mari Djata Keita II in 1360. Mansa Musa developed cities like Timbuktu and Gao into important cultural centers. By 1350, the empire covered approximately 478,819 square miles (1,240,140km2). [85] He went on the hajj during the reign of Mamluk sultan an-Nasir Muhammad (12981308) and was killed in Tajura on his way back to Mali. [108], Despite their power in the west, Mali was losing the battle for supremacy in the north and northeast. His 25-year reign (1312-1337 CE) is described as "the golden age of . He became emperor in 1307. Musa provided all necessities for the procession, feeding the entire company of men and animals. As founded by Mari Djata, it was composed of the "three freely allied states" of Mali, Mema and Wagadou plus the Twelve Doors of Mali.[60]. Islamic studies flourished thereafter. He was the son of Niani's faama, Nare Fa (also known as Maghan Kon Fatta meaning the handsome prince). [135] Gold nuggets were the exclusive property of the mansa and were illegal to trade within his borders. The Mandinka went on to form the powerful and rich Mali Empire, which produced the richest Black man who ever lived, King Mansa Musa. Ms Is pilgrimage caravan to Mecca in 1324 comprised some 60,000 people and an immeasurable amount of gold. . ", "Recherches sur l'Empire du Mali au Moyen Age", "Towards a New Study of the So-Called Trkh al-fattsh", World History Encyclopedia Mansa Musa I, History Channel: Mansa Moussa: Pilgrimage of Gold, Caravans of Gold, Fragments in Time: Art, Culture, and Exchange across Medieval Saharan Africa, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mansa_Musa&oldid=1142573327, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Mansa Musa was portrayed in two games in the, Mansa Musa was portrayed in the episode ", This page was last edited on 3 March 2023, at 05:05. Elephant ivory was another major source of wealth.When Mansa Musa went on a pilgrimage (hajj) to Mecca in 1324 C.E., his journey through Egypt caused quite a stir. Mansa means (King or Emperor) and he was ruling the Mali kingdom from C.E 1312 to 1337 for around 25 years. [59] Those not living in the mountains formed small city-states such as Toron, Ka-Ba and Niani. [15] He is also called Hidji Mansa Musa in oral tradition in reference to his hajj. At the height of its power, Mali had at least 400 cities, and the interior of the Niger Delta was very densely populated. It was reported that he built a mosque every Friday. He left Kanku Musa, a grandson of Sunjata's brother Mande Bori, in charge during his absence. While on the hajj, he met the Andalusian poet and architect es-Saheli. [61], According to the Tarikh al-Sudan, the cities of Gao and Timbuktu submitted to Musa's rule as he traveled through on his return to Mali. Eventually, due to Muhammad's failure to return, Musa was recognized as mansa.[89]. The bow figured prominently in Mandinka warfare and was a symbol of military force throughout the culture. [60] She was a hunchback from the land of Do, south of Mali. Traveling from his capital of Niani on the upper Niger River to Walata (Oualta, Mauritania) and on to Tuat (now in Algeria) before making his way to Cairo, Mansa Ms was accompanied by an impressive caravan consisting of 60,000 men including a personal retinue of 12,000 enslaved persons, all clad in brocade and Persian silk. [11][12] The version recorded by medieval Arab geographers is Mali (Arabic: , romanized:Ml). The fame of Mansa Musa and his phenomenal wealth spread as he traveled on his hajjto Mecca. The army of the Mali Empire used of a wide variety of weapons depending largely on where the troops originated. 1312 is the most widely accepted by modern historians. Mansa Musa Family Tree | Empire of Mali. Ibn Khaldun claims Musa reigned for 25 years, so his accession is dated to 25 years before his death. [117], The swan song of the Mali Empire came in 1599, under the reign of Mansa Mahmud IV. As a result of this the empire fell. Every year merchants entered Mali via Oualata with camel loads of salt to sell in Niani. [84] Then an enslaved court official, Sakura, seized power. [123] Either as a counter-attack or simply the progression of pre-planned assaults against the remnants of Mali, the Bamana sacked and burned Niani in 1670. [43] In 1324, while in Cairo, Musa said that he had conquered 24 cities and their surrounding districts.[44]. He was deposed in 1389, marking the end of the Faga Laye Keita mansas. Jansen, Jan: "The Younger Brother and the Stranger. His riches came from the mining of significant gold and salt deposits in the Mali Empire, along with the slave and ivory trade.[6][7]. CREDITS: Chart/Narration: Matt Baker. Ibn Khaldun recorded that in 776 A.H or 1374/1375 AD he interviewed a Sijilmasan scholar named Muhammad b. Wasul who had lived in Gao and had been employed in its judiciary. Musa I (Arabic: , romanized:Mans Ms, N'Ko: ; r.c.1312c.1337[a]) was the ninth[4] mansa of the Mali Empire, which reached its territorial peak during his reign.
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