The role of psychological capital in academic adjustment among university students. The data were screened and analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS, v25). It is this balance of positive and negative emotions that contributes to life satisfaction (Diener & Larsen, 1993), and our findings support the notion that fostering particular positive psychological states (PsyCap), as well as engaging in related coping strategies, promotes well-being in the context of this large-scale crisis. With that in mind, it is important to detect individuals at risk of developing depressive symptoms early and identify protective factors. 2023 Feb 3;20(3):2752. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20032752. These include approaches to building positive emotions (Fredrickson, 2009); coping strategies, which were found in this study to boost well-being (Jardin et al., 2018; Lyubomirsky, 2008); and effective goal pursuits (F. Luthans & Youssef-Morgan, 2017). Engagement coping includes problem-focused coping and some forms of emotion-focused coping, such as support seeking, emotion regulation, acceptance, and cognitive restructuring. COVID-19 has led to global dramatic shifts in daily life. WebMike T. Docmerit is a great platform to get and share study resources, especially the resource contributed by past students and who have done similar courses. The predictive role of resilience on positive emotion, accomplishment, negative emotion, and loneliness also became significant during COVID-19. There are a number of research-based approaches offered in the field of positive psychology to guide mental health professionals to facilitate development of PsyCap and other important well-being correlates. Social distancing regulations were enforced in an attempt to halt virus spread. Computer Human Behavior, 69, 19. View 3 excerpts, references results and background, View 2 excerpts, references results and background, International journal of environmental research and public health. https://news.gallup.com/poll/310250/worry-stress-fuel-record-drop-life-satisfaction.aspx, Youssef-Morgan, C. M., & Luthans, F. (2015). 2023 Jan 20;20(3):1921. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20031921. COVID-19 hastened a trend that was already ongoing before the pandemic outbreak: the progressively increasing use of distance and online teaching and learning, alongside with lectures and classes. Coping Through the Coronavirus. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638237.2018.1469738, Sheldon, K. M., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2006). Peter C. Mather, PhD, is a professor and department chair at Ohio University. Most educational institutions made sure that instruction was uninterrupted at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. Your classmates have probably scattered. American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/cdp0000175, Johnson, R. (2020). Brief COPE Questionnaire Journal of American College Health, 68(3), 271277. Coefficients of determination for models predicting well-being from PsyCap dimensions ranged from 4% to 28%. Among university students, healthy coping strategies could buffer them from some of the unique challenges associated with acculturating and adjusting to college experiences (Jardin et al., 2018), especially during a pandemic. If you notice that you are feeling upset or more irritable, take a break from watching, reading, or listening to news stories, including social media. Fredrickson, B. L. (2009). Eat well. Risk perceptions, fear, depression, anxiety, stress and coping among Saudi nursing students during the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings of this study should be considered in light of certain limitations. The main coping methods used were watching movies and listening to music (81%), playing sports (80%), praying (75%), rigorously applying social distancing measures Do something physical like dancing. Following the biopsychosocial model of health, the goal of the current study was to predict peoples psychological well-being (PWB) during the initial lockdown phase of the pandemic and to investigate which coping strategies were most common among people with low and high The U.S. Results revealed that well-being was significantly lower during COVID-19 compared to before the onset of the pandemic. P = Positive Emotion, E = Engagement, R = Relationships, M = Meaning, A = Accomplishment, N = Negative Emotion, H = Physical Health, L = Loneliness. Copyright 2023 Mental Health America, Inc. preparing for your wellness during the COVID-19 outbreak, College During COVID: Balancing Academics & Fun, One Love Foundation x Mental Health America, How The Human-Animal Bond Increases Resilience And Empowers Us To Thrive, Managing Video Anxiety During Teletherapy, COVID-19 And Loneliness: When It Seems Like No One Cares, Maintaining Hope In The Face Of Uncertainty, Preparing For The Holidays During COVID-19, Be Kind to Your Mind: Stress Coping Strategies During COVID-19 (Webinar Recording), Facebook Live: Support Animals and COVID-19 Anxiety, Processing Big Changes: Grief And Loss During COVID-19. Support expected during the pandemic: Type and source. Hearing about the pandemic can be upsetting. In future, researchers may wish to investigate whether PsyCap predicts longitudinal changes in well-being in the COVID-19 context. The first pillar, positive emotion (P), is the affective component comprising the feelings of joy, hope, pleasure, rapture, happiness, and contentment. A total of 806 university students from the United States participated in the study. Cluster analysis for strategies of. Estimation of Psychological Impairment and Coping Strategies during COVID-19 Pandemic among University Students in Saudi Arabia: A Large Regional Analysis. 2022 Dec 7;19(24):16423. doi: 10.3390/ijerph192416423. Coping strategies were evaluated using the Brief COPE questionnaire (Carver, 1997), which is a short form (28 items) of the original COPE inventory (Carver et al., 1989). Human Resource Development Quarterly, 26(3), 329347. (1993). International journal of mental health nursing. Coping Strategies -. OH Positive psychologists have asserted that studies of wellness and flourishing are important in understanding adaptive behaviors and the potential for growth from challenging circumstances (Joseph & Linley, 2008; Seligman, 2011). Coronavirus Anxiety Workbook. Babicka-Wirkus A, Kozowski P, Wirkus , Stasiak K. Int J Environ Res Public Health. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ. On the other hand, self-blame and behavioral disengagement were two problematic coping strategies that mediated the relationship between optimism and all PERMA elements. Psychological capital development: Toward a micro-intervention. Both individual counseling and group-based programming focused on PsyCap and positive coping strategies could support the well-being of university students as they experience ongoing stressors related to the pandemic or as they face other setbacks. (2020, April 14). Further, PsyCap HERO dimensions were negatively correlated to negative emotion and loneliness. 2023 Feb 10;13(2):429-439. doi: 10.3390/ejihpe13020032. Cleveland, How Do I Feel Better When The World Is Burning? (2015). A tool to help you build resilience during difficult times. The 14 subscales may be broadly classified into two types of responsesadaptive and problematic (Carver, 1997, p. 98). These strategies can be harmful and unhealthy with regard to effectively coping with stressors. Book ReviewCollege Counseling and Student Development: Theory, Practice, and Campus Collaboration, Reflections on Power From Feminist Women Counselor Educators, Evaluating the Impact of Solution-Focused Brief Therapy on Hope and Clinical Symptoms With Latine Clients, Guidelines and Recommendations for Writing a Rigorous Quantitative Methods Section in Counseling and Related Fields. A., Shensa, A., Escobar-Viera, C. G., Barrett, E. L., Sidani, J. E, Colditz, J. These feelings are normal. The five pillars of well-being are defined and measured separately but are correlated constructs that together are considered to result in flourishing (Seligman, 2011). Dont judge yourself; just do the best you can. Studies conducted during the COVID19 pandemic have shown a similar pattern: psychological resilience, coping behaviours and social support safeguard mental health and wellbeing among health care workers who are on the frontlines of the fights against this deadly virus (BlancoDonoso et al., 2021; Chew et al., 2020; Labrague & De los You want to measure coping but your protocols too long: Consider the Brief COPE. Background: During COVID-19 pandemic, student nurses were faced with lot of challenges at both clinical and teaching and learning environment. A negative relationship was found between the self-confident approach, seeking social support and the students anxiety levels during the COVID-19 pandemic. Are you able to do these activities? Some students coped with the shared trauma of the COVID-19 pandemic by focusing their energy inward and using this time for self-care, or WebCoping During Covid-19. A variety of free online assessments are also available for use by counselors, including tools that measure well-being, positive psychological resources, and character strengths of university students in addition to existing assessment batteries. B., Reichard, R. J., Luthans, F., & Mhatre, K. H. (2011). But during COVID-19, the relevance of self-efficacy in predicting PERMA elements was limited to controllable factorsrelationships, meaning, and physical healthand the predictive role of self-efficacy overall was no longer significant (see Table 2). For the present study, reliability scores were high for four pillarspositive emotion ( = .88), relationships ( = .83), meaning ( = .89), accomplishment ( = .82); high for the subscales of negative emotion ( = .73) and physical health ( = .85); and moderate for the pillar of engagement ( = .65). Conflict of Interest and Funding Disclosure PERMA-Profiler Chronicle of Higher Education. https://doi.org/10.1108/13620431111107810, DeWitz, S. J., Woolsey, M. L., & Walsh, W. B. Kozakiewicz A, Izdebski Z, Biaorudzki M, Mazur J. Int J Environ Res Public Health. Meyer, M. L., Wagner, D. D., Holtzheimer, P. E., & Campbell, A. T. (2020). Jardin, C., Mayorga, N. A., Bakhshaie, J., Garey, L., Viana, A. G., Sharp, C., Cardoso, J. Many things can impact this including our physical health. You might feel unmotivated now. Weband is associated with psychosocial coping skills and resources, degree of experienced psy- university students during the COVID-19 pandemic: A machine learning approach. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 4(1), 92100. Overall, as seen in Table 1, all three variables studiedPsyCap HERO dimensions, eight PERMA elements, and coping strategieswere highly related. Given findings of the relationship between PsyCap and well-being in the current study, as well as in prior research (F. Luthans et al., 2006; F. Luthans et al., 2015; McGonigal, 2015), counselors may wish to focus on developing PsyCap to help university students flourish both during the pandemic and in a post-pandemic world. Other coping strategies, such as denial, self-blame, distraction, and substance use, are more often associated with negative emotions, such as shame, guilt, lower perception of self-efficacy, and psychological distress, rather than making efforts to remediate them (Billings & Moos, 1984). International Journal of Wellbeing, 6(3), 148. Coping strategies that predicted change in PERMA were used for mediation analysis. Psychological Capital Questionnaire Short Version (PCQ-12) Int J Environ Res Public Health. Breathing exercises - Psychologist Dr. Karen Treisman leads you through a variety of quick, effective exercises to soothe the nervous system: Houseparty App: a free social networking service that allows groups to play games together virtually. 2023. FOIA Objectives To assess the psychological distress, anxiety, depression, coping strategies, https://doi.org/10.1002/job.1916, Primack, B. Coping, stress, and social resources among adults with unipolar depression. (2009). University students are dealing with uncertain current realities and futures and may need to bolster their internal resources to face the challenges ahead. Penguin Press. The Journal of Education for Business, 87(5), 253259. Gallagher RP. Next are engagement (E), the act of being highly interested, absorbed, or focused in daily life activities, and relationships (R), the feelings of being cared about by others and authentically and securely connected to others. I find Docmerit to be authentic, easy to use and a community with quality notes and study tips. Of course, its good to stay informed, especially about whats happening in your area. The current study investigated the PERMA model of well-being (Seligman, 2011) with university students before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the relationships between PsyCap (F. Luthans et al., 2007), coping strategies, and well-being of university students. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46(4), 877891. Aim of the Study and Research Questions -. And there are ways to lessen your stress. Implications and recommendations for psychoeducation and counseling interventions to promote PsyCap and adaptive coping strategies in university students are presented. The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. Cronbachs alpha coefficients as a measure of internal consistency of the HERO subscales in the current study were highhope ( = .86), self-efficacy ( = .86), resilience ( = .73), and optimism ( = .83)consistent with the previous studies. P = Positive Emotion, Coping Strategies as a Mediator B. Of course, its good to stay informed, especially Students use of self-blame (mean), Fig 9. The COVID-19 outbreak caused global disruptions in all aspects of life. Fear and worrying about the virus can be overwhelming and cause strong emotions in adults and children. to the adversity. As a flexible learning method, most schools chose online distance learning (ODL). Researchers have recommended coping skills training for university students to modify maladaptive coping strategies and enhance pre-existing adaptive coping styles Guarding Your Joy: Keeping Your Mental Wellness High On Your Agenda, 7 Tips For Keeping A Routine For Your Wellness, Your Employees Are Stressed: Why Digital Mental Health Solutions Are Important In These Unpredictable Times And Beyond, Social Distancing And Staying Connected Through Games, Your Feelings (About Coronavirus) Are Valid, 10 Things You Can Do Besides Watch The News, A College Students 7 Tips For Transitioning To Online Classes. Key findings are that the optimism, hope, and resilience dimensions of PsyCap are significant predictors of well-being, explaining a large amount of variance, with adaptive coping being conducive to flourishing. Our mental health is in constant flux and ebbs and flows on a daily basis. The COVID-19 outbreak caused global disruptions in all aspects of life. Thus, in general, internal consistency reliability coefficients tend to be relatively smaller ( = .5 to .9). As a result, they had to adopt different coping strategies to overcome the predicament that they were trapped in. By clicking accept or continuing to use the site, you agree to the terms outlined in our. Demographic Questionnaire The impact of COVID-19 on student equity and inclusion: Supporting vulnerable students during school closures and school re-openings 19 November 2020 Abstract A holistic approach to education that addresses students learning, social and emotional needs is crucial, especially in times of crisis. Coping with COVID-19-related stress as Coping in the era of coronavirus: A webinar for students, APA electronic resources available for distance learning, Free Access to the Publication Manual and Other Resources During the Coronavirus Pandemic. There was however an interesting shift in the predictive role of PsyCap dimensions before and after the onset of COVID-19. The mental health continuum: From languishing to flourishing in life. Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS statistics. https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.56.2.267. Coping is often defined as efforts to prevent or diminish the threat, harm, and loss, or to reduce associated distress (Carver & Connor-Smith, 2010, p. 685). COVID-19 is challenging us to be creative in being emotionally close but socially distant. Changes in the PERMA Prior to the Onset of COVID-19 and After the Onset of COVID-19. Mental health problems and help-seeking behavior among college students. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. WebSupport in faith was a positive predictor for perceived stress, depression, anxiety, and insomnia. Check in with your child frequently and listen to their concerns. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrdq.20070, Billings, A. G., & Moos, R. H. (1984). The predictive role of hope was negligible before COVID-19. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 35(S1), S120S138. WebMaintain adequate nutrition by eating three healthy meals per day; now is a great time to try new recipes! 2015;173: 9096. The coping strategy of behavioral, Fig 6. Basic self-care will keep your immune system strong and your emotional reserves full. Investigating Mental Health of US College Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Cross-Sectional Survey Study. Engage your senses with hot baths or fragrant candles. Psychiatric Services, 70(1), 6063. The coronavirus pandemic is pushing America into a mental health crisis. During the COVID-19 pandemic, adolescents emerged as one of the most Sci Prog. Positive psychological capital development: A field study by the Solomon four group design. Priscilla Rose Prasath, Peter C. Mather, Christine Suniti Bhat, Justine K. James. Penguin. Think about the things you have done in the past that have brought you joy or helped you manage your stress. Predictors of Students' Mental Health during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Impact of Coping Strategies, Sense of Coherence, and Social Support. In Poland, the transfer to online teaching was announced without prior warning, which radically changed students' daily functioning. Use of multiple social media platforms and symptoms of depression and anxiety: A nationally-representative study among U.S. young adults. In this study, accepting the realities, using alternative affirmative explanations, seeking social support for meeting emotional needs, and engaging in active problem-focused coping behaviors seem to be the most helpful ways to counter the negative effects of the pandemic on well-being. Personnel Psychology, 60(3), 541572. Students use of religious coping (mean) and sources of expected support during the, Fig 8. PsyCap is defined as an, individuals positive psychological state of development characterized by (1) having confidence (self-efficacy) to take on and put in the necessary effort to succeed at challenging tasks; (2) making a positive attribution (optimism) about succeeding now and in the future; (3) persevering toward goals and, when necessary, redirecting paths to goals (hope) in order to succeed; and (4) when beset by problems and adversity, sustaining and bouncing back and even beyond (resilience) to attain success.
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